CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Herbert Curl, Jr. and Kevin O'Donnell . High Flash Point The flash point is the minimum temperature at which the oil vaporizes to give an ignitable mixture of air. Is this an existing plant or a new design you are doing? 1. endstream endobj 841 0 obj <> endobj 842 0 obj <> endobj 843 0 obj <>stream yj0$5-KKOKP+"3EK zdn\(2XK4u{9l3QehHh``0pVFxB@ ?A No ground data to determine immediate spill impact. The free element melts at 220 C and boils at 188 C. endobj 9wBKasFbq Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. The addition of bio-oil was shown to be fully stable with HFO at blend levels up to 50 mass % for up to 2 weeks. Due to toxicity, management of this waste poses a challenge to the industry personal. 0000005684 00000 n The quality of the residual fuel depends on the quality of the crude oil. gravity, viscosity and coefficient of expansion, depend on reservoir pressures and temperatures, chemical composition of the oil, and sometimes, on the amount of dissolved natural gases. Viscosity is a property of fluids that indicates their resistance to flow, defined as ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The fuel oil releases energy to rotate the ship propeller or the alternator by burning fuel inside the combustion chamber of the engine or to generate steam inside the boiler. 8 0 obj Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. <> 3 0 obj endobj Gustafsson, ., & Ramanathan, V. (2016). Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing. }xIt,Tg%}XV3,t^ QV2L%#[_&Qb&+vZRHKOu5U+ 43 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 46 /H [ 925 261 ] /L 245303 /E 76132 /N 6 /T 244325 >> endobj xref 43 17 0000000016 00000 n The Introduction section discusses the significance of heavy oil in the The 2011-2020 decade warmed to an average 1.09 C [0.95-1.20 C] compared to the pre-industrial baseline (1850-1900). Straight-run distillates may also be used to produce fuel oil no. Physicochemical properties of a mineral-based gasoline engine oil have been monitored at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, 6000, 8500, and 11500 kilometer of operation. Lecturer, International Maritime Academy . . Physical and chemical properties of petroleum. hTmo0+jbH/6aR\J\ISd|~|p `=h} l@BsA813d0"/d+ Laboratory tests suggest behavior similar to other HFO mixtures namely environmental persistence and emulsification. Convergence on climate warming by black carbon aerosols. Characteristics of Crude Oil The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. Physical properties: Heavy Fuel Oil is viscous and sticky consistency, making it much harder than crude oil to pump or collect during a spill, often fowling habitats for years. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). 0000001186 00000 n 0000002511 00000 n Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. In either case, the customer should have a fuel oil spec that you can use to adjust the viscosity to your holding temperature. Possible. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 10 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> [21], Environmental impacts of heavy fuel oil spills, Environmental impacts of heavy fuel oil use. JP-5 is a specifically refined type of kerosene consisting of C9-C16 paraffins (53%), cycloparaffins (31%), aromatics (16%), and olefins (0.5%). endstream endobj 844 0 obj <>stream Following are the 18 properties of lubricants: Viscosity Flashpoint Fire point Cloud point Pour point Oiliness Corrosion Colour Dilution Emulsification Physical stability Chemical stability Sulphur content Specific gravity Neutralization number Adhesiveness Film strength Cleanliness #1 Viscosity no. All fuel oil mixtures have similar chemical and physical properties. It is used to generate motion and/or heat that have a particularly high viscosity and density. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. rBX|%/%.G}& some crude oils may assume the . Information regarding the chemical identity of gasoline is located in Table 3-l. 3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information regarding the physical and chemical properties for the gasoline mixture is located in Table 3-2. "Z" GB}>o^.DwcA z'~r}xE*ZZ'gz4B"5yC6U0Ul.&~ggA3>'8b_A`,X*2ka7B!KaEfE=)3lA=oYa`azP&cqqSy1ZJQI5%$g89CgNd=Yo5 S"{VDgNwGw|o7Eggk1;Nn:M_?~iaj&?1~' I=MOw(9 A summary treatment of crude oil follows. The total amount of petroleum spilled during the Deepwater Horizon incident and the relative fractions of the chemical compound classes of the Macondo oil were obtained by measurements, observations, and model calculations, with a significant amount of uncertainty. Limited information. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. WHAT EXACTLY IS AN OIL SANDS DEPOSIT? Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! The dossier summarizes the physical and chemical properties and toxicological, health, safety and environmental information on heavy fuel oils. Diesel fuel no. Fuel oils are used to run many types of engines, lamps and heaters. %PDF-1.5 Descriptions of the chemical composition and physical properties of fuel oils are available ( Rossini et al ., 1953; Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies, 1983 ). gd` ,@ 7)0=|g3~FR ;j. 840 0 obj <> endobj 72 may serve as a simple scheme for the distillation of crude oil. 4 0 obj Physical properties of Oil Viscosity- the viscosity of an oil is a measure of the oil's resistance to shear. We use heavy fuel oil or residual fuel oil as the source of the combustion in ships marine diesel engines. High viscosity implies a high resistance to flow while a low viscosity indicates a low resistance to flow. 3. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds. Mohd. 2011 Godafoss, Malaysia (200,000 gallons in, 2004 Selendang Ayu, Malaysia (336,000 gallons in Unalaska Island - near Arctic), 2003 Fu Shan Hai, China (1,680 tons in the, 2001 Baltic Carrier, Marshall Islands (2350 tons in the Baltic Sea), crude oils having a density at 15C higher than 900 kg/m, oils, other than crude oils, having a density at 15C higher than 900 kg/m, This page was last edited on 9 October 2022, at 08:07. Close this window and log in. [5], To appease concerns and resistance, at its 6th session in February 2019, the PPR sub-committee working group developed a "draft methodology for analyzing impacts" of HFO to be finalized at PPR's 7th session in 2020. KEYWORDS Fuel oil, heavy fuel oil, toxicology, health, environment, review NOTE Considerable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the information contained in this publication. Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973. International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), "The toxicological effects of heavy fuel oil category substances", "Phasing Out the Use and Carriage for Use of Heavy Fuel Oil in the Canadian Arctic: Impacts to Northern Communities", "Petroleum - Chemistry - How Hydrocarbons Burn", "HFO Project Phase III(a) Heavy Fuel Oil & Other Fuel Releases from Shipping in the Arctic and Near-Arctic", "Climate change: Black carbon and atmospheric feedbacks", "Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow", http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=28814&filename=189(60).pdf, "IMO Moves to Ban HFO from Arctic Shipping | World Maritime News", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heavy_fuel_oil&oldid=1114988276, distillate combined with 98% residual oil, distillate combined with 88% residual oil, Low Sulfur Marine Fuel Oils (HFO derivative), distillate/residual oil blend (higher ratio of distillate). % 1. ;3Q-D1~JyS {p This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. ,. Oil sands are a loose, unconsolidated mixture of sand, clays and water, saturated with bitumen. 5 0 obj Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. 'U`3W}hq&] j5|_DGt^5r3xG1SL}fvS}YD $'28ciVF]vao&"t2$L~Sr Cea3:"iH_p(\gbmfFnZGKZbc422W@4j92"ymuQb0|"vaWAx\`s*q/]Rf.wE.ij bpaRfNA@1v"yyH";Ci]zq7J#gOB J|f^ A&e%1@3!j\g/N :fIWf235!{5_l6UGYYJ>pOZI~^Uo$q]:hqm^`vaC#Z@Meu6~->Vh[xbcY8/\0ht:|b9jnj)>n~"2d@C? [17], The International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized arm of the United Nations, adopted into force on 1 January 2017 the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters or Polar Code. Finely divided metals burn in fluorine with a bright flame. Physical properties and exact chemical composition of crude oil also vary from one source to another. <> Surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 C per decade, with 2020 reaching a temperature of 1.2 C above the pre-industrial era. The application of heavy fuel oil (HFO) in high-speed diesel engines is a practical approach to reducing running costs. 6 Product form : Mixture CAS No : 68553-00-4 Formula : A high-viscosity residual oil Other means of identification : Bunker C, Bunker fuels; IFO 180, IFO 280 AND IFO 380, utility fuel oil; heavy fuel oil; residual fuel oil; #6 residual fuel oil blendstock; ASTM No. %PDF-1.5 % Likely to have similar impacts to other HFO mixtures. Tracing has been performed by inductively coupled plasma and some other techniques. m2, making it the second most important climate forcer after CO2. Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds . For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen, making emissions upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. 0000073162 00000 n Viscosity of lube oil reduces when temperature rises and vice versa. http://www.chevron.com/prodserv/fuels/diesel/Diesel_Spe Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing. (2012). hbE8,>KUM|zvF. 0000002283 00000 n Petroleum fuels consist primarily of n-paraffins, . <> The two broad categories covered by the Polar Code include safety and pollution prevention related to navigation in both Arctic and Antarctic polar waters. Base on the process illustrated in Figure 2, a yield of 32.445 3.340% w/w was found for the Amazon sailfin catfish dry biomass, obtaining an oil yield of 9.67% (m/m).On the contrary, biodiesel yield was determined as the ratio of biodiesel mass and the weight of oil used, and the yield obtained in our study was 90.71% (m/m). before mixed. 2 0 obj endobj 25362 (Chemical) 18 Feb 04 11:05 BTW, for a given oil a change of 20 o C up or down may bring about changes in the Pr number from a value of 10,000 down to 3,000 or up to 50,000, respectively. 2 is home heating oil, and fuel oil No. As a guide to chemical composition, Table 1.4 provides qualitative data on saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) contents in the heavy fractions present in various crude oils. A thick cell wall (100-200 nm) made of chitin and cellulose and possessed by Chlorella sp . hbbd```b`` dYf`7^ `6k&j 28DuIF#@;#u$o` F hb```f`` However, most of the times, combustion properties are also assigned to fuels, in spite of the fact that these properties depend on the The ratio of outer to inner diameter of the shell was of the order of 1.3-1.4. (a) Distillate fuel oils Distillate fuel oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons that also contain minor amounts of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing molecules. Response of Arctic temperature to changes in emissions of short-lived climate forcers. endobj At its 60th session (26 March 2010), The Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) adopted Resolution 189(60) which went into effect in 2011 and prohibits fuels of the following characteristics:[19], IMO's Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) tasked the Pollution Prevention Response Sub-Committee (PPR) to enact a ban on the use and carriage of heavy fuel in Arctic waters at its 72nd and 73rd sessions. The chemical composition of fuel oils varies greatly. The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. <> (68476-31-3), fuel oil No.2 (68476-30-2), fuel oil residual (68476-33-5) 300 mg/m3 : 3300 mg/m3 : 20000 mg/m3 (DOE, 2018) Regulatory Information. (PQ5KocQ@dH)ix6,NmvFUR{kR%\[3YW{OXB@VHq!3*Iw=t$V,(h{7"(1 Fuel oil No. [18] The ban of HFO use and carriage in the Antarctic precedes the adoption of the Polar Code. Diesel and Gas oil n pDVp AbDJ#0bcZ)ZY# For full treatment, see petroleum, petroleum production, and petroleum refining. JP-5 is a high-flash-point jet fuel developed by the Navy. 0000000778 00000 n Classify the six underlined properties in the following paragraph as chemical or physical: Fluorine is a pale yellow gas that reacts with most substances. Fuel Properties of Biodiesel. Examples of the use of the figures are given below the figures. are spherical and have sizes between 2 and 10 m. The cells contain a twofold phospholipid-based enclosing membrane on their cup-shaped chloroplast [2]. Thanks. Fuels, as for any other type of substance, can be assigned some physical and chemical properties (e.g. Oil sands are mostly coarse silica sand, about 80%. Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. However, the physical and chemical properties of HFO may lead to a poor burning rate and increase pollutant emissions. <> The aromatic content of JP-5 might vary from less than 2.5% to greater than 22% by volume. selmu?Gggo"M$}fGq8{g"7s~is@ _@qs}l":3;o;gGf/?9>W[tw0&t82>09sK[iQ6Mk!Wm|'%+7lw5?OimUwX%dN3M:='|)&cat/h.&?]eX'kY: l,Z7_x8i bMd_j;5yP'%@nsa2k08ZtXYu|pc?UpPuU EZXJvjkyRv61@D?I$#PbdU?8QtLV[Y;6*mCx6xRdB@r* mII;(@o@GPem{-PK&ct9tav*htdkYRBi0 gp#NG5FF"dxRYT eVz =6^Q 10 0 obj We have received your request and will respond promptly. Specific Heat . Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. For example, steam cylinder oils used to lubricate heavy-duty engines must be . In this article we will discuss properties of the heavy fuel oil and its storage in the ships bunker tanks with the heating arrangement and the storage temperature maintained at 104F. It is the property of the lube oil which prevents impurities to mix up with itself and keeps them suspended on the surface. Tar-like consistency of HFO sticks to feathers and fur, results in short and long term impacts on marine flora and fauna (benthic, intertidal and shoreline species). Limited information. In this work we attempt to make an improvement in heavy oil chemical-physical property correlations based on a more fundamental and reliable understanding of the components in heavy oils [2]. 0000001165 00000 n Paraffins are the desired content in crude and what are used to make fuels. Sulfur content and API gravity are two properties which have had the greatest inuence on the value of crude oil, although nitrogen and metals contents are increasing in importance. This work is organized in four main sections: In-troduction, Heavy oil properties, Methods for recov-ering of heavy crude oils and Methods to improve the characteristics of pipeline flow. Other Information View Gas Fuel Properties View NOx Measurement View Conversion Tables Property Units Diesel Oil (Gas Oil) Light Fuel Oil (LFO) Medium Fuel Oil (MFO) Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Composition: Carbon %C 85.7 85.5 85.3 85.1 Hydrogen %H 13.4 11.5 11.2 10.9 Sulphur %S 0.9 3 3.5 4 Density @ 15C kg/l 0.84 0.96 Read more. 2, respectively, with the exception of the . the so-called chemical elementary analysis shows that generally fuel oils consist of about 85 to 90% of carbon, 13 to 8% of hydrogen and a small percentage of sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen, but two fuel oils of the same elementary analysis may behave in quite a different manner in burning practice, so that this chemical analysis is really of very Copyright 1998-2022 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. 1984; Mehlman 1990). These attributes reflect the invariable presence of up to 50 weight percent asphaltenes, very high molecular weight hydrocarbon molecules . Emulsified HFO has been studied and applied for the purpose of improving combustion and emissions of HFO. ND,L!5to^=,+2 It is a measure of internal resistance to flow between liquid layers. after mixed. During the distillation of crude oil, gasoline is obtained between 40C and 200C, and diesel fuel is obtained between 200C and 425C. 2 illustrates the physicochemical properties of the bio-oil, including gross calorific value, water content, pyrolysis solids content, kinematic viscosity, density, sulfur content, ash. endstream endobj 845 0 obj <>stream 7]W_I#;FX}|F] m g_OVPe.K$PAC@as~o?g:o7: [9] [18] Although these member states continue to support the initiative, several countries have been vocal about their resistance to an HFO ban on such a short time scale. The sulfur content is expressed as percent sulfur by weight and varies from less than 0.1% to greater than 5%. 860 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3C2C76ADA400469D6A47177FABBE2111><6FE80F62EBE06C4CB415289B27024F2D>]/Index[840 32]/Info 839 0 R/Length 100/Prev 754225/Root 841 0 R/Size 872/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Results and Discussion 3.1. endobj 6 0 obj In this work, the physical and chemical properties of heavy oil fly ash generated from a power plant were investigated. The Physical Property fields include properties such as vapor pressure and boiling point, as well . Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights has . m?>2y| Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. xTj1}?S"F KCK&>yv4;xfx| ~ crude oil, liquid petroleum that is found accumulated in various porous rock formations in Earth's crust and is extracted for burning as fuel or for processing into chemical products. 2 is a heavier, usually blended, distillate with hydrocarbons in the C 11-C 20 range. Petroleum engineering general discussion Forum, http://www.cheresources.com/indexzz.shtml, http://www.euronet.nl/users/e_wesker/et.html. The sizes of the blowholes range from 10 to 50 percent of the diameters of the cenospheres. In cases where data are not available for gasoline, ranges are given to indicate the different Introduction: Chlorella sp. Reply To This Thread Likely to have similar impacts as IFO with increased initial toxicity due to the higher distillate component causing immediate dispersal and evaporation. thickens into clumps, squishy, slimy. %PDF-1.4 % (;!ODZ8hBp2x YfB 871 0 obj <>stream hTOO |9jVC@@~oxcyl j-zmT)jx4pj9 density, thermal capacity, vapour pressure, chemical formula, etc. Emulsifies up to 3x the original spill volume, may sink to seabed or remain buoyant. <>>> heavy oil with the objective of developing technolo-gies for the production of these oils. Most vapors are heavier than air. MEPC 72 (2018). Skimmers are used to recover on-water spill until the oil emulsifies making its removal more difficult. Then a Bunker-plan is made to plan the distribution of total quantity of bunker fuel oil. @article{osti_6961941, title = {Physical and chemical characteristics of cenospheres from the combustion of heavy fuel oil}, author = {Clayton, R M and Back, L H}, abstractNote = {Characterization of an existing sample of cenospheres produced during residual-oil-fired steam power plant combustion included: scanning electron microscopy of surface structure; photomicrography of particle cross . 0000001340 00000 n The following heavy oils are contained in the HFO module: HFO 30 HFO 60 HFO 100 HFO 180 HFO 380 HFO 420 HFO 640 HFO 700 Lubeoil Input mask HFO The permissible temperature range extends from 0 C to 160 C. For cylinder oil, viscosity is 12.5 - 22 Cst. CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) HFO module The module determines the physical properties of heavy fuel oils and diesel. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The studies showed that typical large (100-200 m) and small (20-40 m) cenospheres were spheroidal and hollow and had at least one blowhole. The cells of Chlorella sp. endstream endobj startxref Already a member? Specifically we chemically characterize heavy oil from a test well on the Ugnu formation from the North Slope of Alaska. Russia instead suggested the development and implementation of mitigation measures for the use and carriage of HFO in Arctic waters. Login. :LJ5=eOUwjI[u=SJ/zFZN J%k_b3 SZJe5l^R^X=MF{eV%M_SYK2z]F;2I{u% %es> Water recovery of spill is limited, cleanup consists mainly of shoreline and oiled substrate remediation. endobj In this article we looked at what is heavy fuel oil used for along with its properties. Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Seventy-Second Session. For engine crankcase lube oil, viscosity is 130 to 240 Redwood No-1 seconds 60C. endstream HWrF}WU$F)NI0 \V\KO_N>vvUS7ailz{%f_w>{V6 XY`);hp }mxx4fif~Uf[(y{5NyO2KZ.^ 8*BZ(SB{ yZzG,B "q"R#NY;Br'ITa,+w3hsqx-_&JKD {D\hWm, wK ^Vk -z|vbE4=8La>zRpdV#{p ~1tod:i`As^[ImBgL#Y1%A-D#D~rB>`KYQN"I>kz`!/Iz:ZVoX -B5R@hM_0p$X" Y_;6:'}:y. [20], The Clean Arctic Alliance was the first IMO delegate nonprofit organization to campaign against the use of HFO in Arctic waters. 0000002550 00000 n endobj xUn@}Y"5FzU11B!DHe9sZ>y|'g+$H!TZ'!,@NWtJh Oa/6$"R@c#q{(R* 6 Grade Fuel Oil (D396). The requirements of the Polar Code are mandatory under both the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The chemical properties of crude oils vary in relation to changes in Heavy fuel oil is a residual fuel incurred during the distillation of crude oil. 0000003215 00000 n HFO or heavy fuel oil is the most widely used type of fuels for commercial vessels. 0000035663 00000 n range; fuel oil . The chemical analysis showed that the main contents of heavy oil fly ash are composed of carbon, sulfur and residue ash. /14),alL!Xx & R1lR`[xV1Hmgq` e Rather, as described previously, heavy marine fuel oils are blended from residuums, gas oils, and other economically advantageous refinery stocks to achieve basic physical and chemical specifications ( Table 13.1; see also, Chapter 3 ). Heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is a byproduct generated by the burning of heavy fuel oil. Changes with temperature, decreasing temperature increases viscosity 2 are similar in chemical composition to fuel oil no. endstream endobj 846 0 obj <>stream Once coated to the surface, the oil is difficult to remove from substrate and sediment. 0000001487 00000 n Correlations for fuel oils density and temperature are calculated by use of tools based on ASTM D 1250-04 and IP 200/04 (API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 11- physical properties Data, Section 1:Temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalised crude oils, refined products and lubricating oils).. Recycling and rerefining are the applicable processes for upgrading of petroleum-based wastes by converting them into reusable products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heavy oil. May emulsify, form into tar balls, remain buoyant or sink to the seabed. Hanif Dewan, Senior Engg. Chemical and Physical Properties between Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen. 1.2. Fuel Oil #6, is very viscous, being composed mainly of the heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons. trailer << /Size 60 /Info 41 0 R /Root 44 0 R /Prev 244315 /ID[<4cfa71b9387b6774e124f08ce593dc86>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 44 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 40 0 R /Metadata 42 0 R /AcroForm 45 0 R >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 37 0 R /Helv 38 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 39 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 58 0 obj << /S 89 /V 160 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 59 0 R >> stream
Similarities Between Alpine And Continental Glaciers, Face Dirt Removal Cream, Volunteer To Drive Veterans, Anthony Hernandez Tapology, Remain Crossword Clue 5 Letters,