Cucurbits are susceptible to diseases such as bacterial wilt (Erwinia tracheiphila), anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp. The seeds of both types can be roasted, eaten raw, made into pumpkin seed oil,[67] ground into a flour or meal,[93] or otherwise prepared. The following definition is provided by Mathias and Maibach (1978): The mechanism of action varies. It separates from the parent plant and on approach of favourable condition gives rise to a new plant, i.e., it is an organ of [5] At the time of the Spanish invasion, it was found growing in these areas and has never since been found elsewhere except as evidently carried by humans. Pathway enrichment analysis (i.e., the over-presentation) of DEGs was also included in this study, however the metabolic pathway of microalgae for the comparison between CK vs mPE and mPE+WAF vs WAF were not analyzed owing to their few DEGs. La dernire modification de cette page a t faite le 17 aot 2022 08:16. 2020: baaa062. El Neotrpico es un trmino utilizado en biogeografa para identificar la regin tropical del continente americano, este trmino es aplicado en diferentes contextos con delimitaciones ligeramente diferentes. A four-year-old root grown under cultivation can reach a fresh weight of 45kg (99lb) and a length of 2.5m (8.2ft). [60] There have traditionally been two opposing theories about its origin: 1) that it is a direct descendant of C.texana and 2) that C.texana is merely feral C. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courge_de_Siam&oldid=196181789, Taxobox utilisant une classification non prcise, Portail:Agriculture et agronomie/Articles lis, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [3], It has been domesticated in the Americas for thousands of years. Gourds, also called bottle-gourds, which are used as utensils or vessels, belong to the genus Lagenaria and are native to Africa. [9], In India, squashes (ghiya) are cooked with seafood such as prawns. [14][15] Ornamental gourds found in Texas are called var. pumpkin. [7], The typical cultivated Cucurbita species has five-lobed or palmately divided leaves with long petioles, with the leaves alternately arranged on the stem. [17][18] Linnaeus initially included the species C. pepo, C. verrucosa and C. melopepo (both now included in C. pepo), as well as C. citrullus (watermelon, now Citrullus lanatus) and C. lagenaria (now Lagenaria siceraria) (both are not Cucurbita but are in the family Cucurbitaceae. ozarkana, Accidental hybrid of two varieties of C. pepo, Cultvated plant that yields varieties of squash and pumpkin. Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits, such as honey bees, also visit. Bekannte Vertreter sind der Riesen-Krbis (Cucurbita maxima), der Moschus-Krbis (Cucurbita moschata) und der Garten-Krbis (Cucurbita pepo), die landwirtschaftlich und grtnerisch genutzt werden. La chair du potiron est plus sucre, savoureuse et moins filandreuse que celle de la citrouille. [12] Consequently, C. fraterna is the nearest relative of C. pepo. This book contains an illustration known as Quegourdes de turquie, which was identified by cucurbit specialists as C.pepo subsp. pepo, called summer squash. [45] Some varieties of C.pepo germinate best with eight hours of sunlight daily and a planting depth of 1.2 centimeters (12in). Cucurbita foetidissima is a tuberous xerophytic plant found in the central and southwestern United States and northern Mexico. [98], Cucurbitin is an amino acid and a carboxypyrrolidine that is found in raw Cucurbita seeds. [105], Species in the genus Cucurbita are susceptible to some types of mosaic virus including: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), papaya ringspot virus-cucurbit strain (PRSV), squash mosaic virus (SqMV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV),[113] watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). [8], Cucurbita foetidissima requires little water and grows best in semiarid and arid environments. ): a review", "Rapid Induction and Severity of Symptoms in Zucchini Squash (, "Complex Spatial Responses to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection in Susceptible, "Occurrence of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus in Cucurbits from Connecticut, New York, Florida, and California", "Pumpkin Bread and 18 Other Pumpkin Recipes You Must Make Now". Un article de Wikipdia, l'encyclopdie libre. In a seed batch with 90 percent germination rate, over 90 percent of the plants had sprouted after 29 days from planting. Types. [130][132], Though native to the western hemisphere, Cucurbita began to spread to other parts of the world after Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. zapallito (Carrire) Milln, 1947 (round green zucchini), at the locality near Gran La Plata, Colonia Urquiza (3496'72"S, 580496"W). [9][12] The female flowers of C.argyrosperma and C.ficifolia have larger corollas than the male flowers. Some authors maintain that C. pepo is derived from C. texana, while others suggest that C. Although botanical fruits, Cucurbita gourds, such as squash or pumpkin, are typically cooked and eaten as vegetables. Les potimarrons sont l'origine une catgorie de Kuri kabocha ( potiron marron en japonais) cre au Japon partir des Seiyo kabocha (courge buttercup).Au Japon, on trouve des Kuri kabocha de nombreuses couleurs (bleu, noir, gris, blanc, rouge et orange). It does not hybridize well with the other cultivated species as it has significantly different enzymes and chromosomes. they require a more or less continuous water supply. [10] Botanists classify the Cucurbita fruit as a pepo, which is a special type of berry derived from an inferior ovary, with a thick outer wall or rind with hypanthium tissue forming an exocarp around the ovary, and a fleshy interior composed of mesocarp and endocarp. Liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LCMS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). These vast differences are rooted in its widespread geographic distribution. The following definition is provided by Mathias and Maibach (1978): The mechanism of action varies. When a plant already has a fruit developing, subsequent female flowers on the plant are less likely to mature, a phenomenon called "first-fruit dominance",[39] and male flowers are more frequent, an effect that appears due to reduced natural ethylene production within the plant stem. Le terme courge dsigne aussi ce fruit consomm In other words, it cannot have formatting as is the case with MS Word (.doc, .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf). summer squash, presently the most common group of cultivars, origin is recent (19th century), semi-shrubby, cylindrical fruit with a mostly consistent diameter, Several types of ornamental squash (often called "gourds"), This page was last edited on 17 July 2022, at 21:22. of a plant), a semantic change from a Late Latin meaning "to be enlivening, quickening". A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue. [12] Fruit size varies considerably: wild fruit specimens can be as small as .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 centimeters (1+12in) and some domesticated specimens can weigh well over 300 kilograms (660lb). Le fruit est charnu, de forme variable, sphrique ou allong ; il [6], Wild C. pepo is still found in the same areas as C. fraterna in Mexico. Peer-review process All submitted articles are evaluated at the submission to meet the structural and subject principles of Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. It includes cultivars known as squash or pumpkin. [69] Modern-day cultivated Cucurbita are not found in the wild. [31] Species native to North America include C.digitata (calabazilla),[74] and C.foetidissima (buffalo gourd),[75] C.palmata (coyote melon), and C. Although the stems and skins tend to be more bitter than the flesh,[89][90] the fruits and seeds of cultivated varieties are quite edible and need little or no preparation. [3] It has numerous common names, including: buffalo gourd,[1] calabazilla,[1] chilicote, coyote gourd, fetid gourd, fetid wild pumpkin,[1] Missouri gourd,[1] prairie gourd,[4] stinking gourd, wild gourd,[1] and wild pumpkin. When mature, a stage marked by increasing desiccation of vine, leaves, fruit-stem, and fruit, the fruit begins its final gourd stage. Some authors maintain that C. pepo is derived from C. texana, while others suggest that C. [136], In 1952, Stanley Smith Master, using the pen name Edrich Siebert, wrote "The Marrow Song (Oh what a beauty!)" [175], Halloween is widely celebrated with jack-o-lanterns made of large orange pumpkins carved with ghoulish faces and illuminated from inside with candles. The file should be a plain-text FASTA (.fasta, .fna, .fa) file. [106], Cucurbita species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae), Hypercompe indecisa, and the turnip moth (Agrotis segetum). He is said to have been born in the smithy, his father having been the village blacksmith.After studying at Braintree school, he was sent at the age of sixteen to Cambridge University: studying at Trinity College. dplacer vers la barre latrale It comes from Old French, and was originally applied to all plants; the word is still used in this sense in biological contexts. [44], Seeds with maximum germination potential develop (in C.moschata) by 45 days after anthesis, and seed weight reaches its maximum 70 days after anthesis. [3] The two species hybridize quite readily but have noticeably different calcium levels. Modern Hebrew (Hebrew: , ivrt ada[h], [ivit adaa], lit. Il ne faut pas confondre les potirons et les citrouilles qui appartiennent deux espces diffrentes. They are variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd, depending on species, variety, and local parlance. Cucurmosin is more toxic to cancer cells than healthy cells. [125] C.ficifolia is used to make soft and mildly alcoholic drinks. 070993-- Pumpkins, squash and gourds (Cucurbita spp.) The matched articles will gone under a double-blinded peer-review process by at least 3 reviewers (expert in the field who are not part of the journals editorial staff) who are selected by the Editorial Board of a plant), a semantic change from a Late Latin meaning "to be enlivening, quickening". Dans le livre "L'Eau des collines" de Marcel Pagnol, c'est la courge cultive par Jean de Florette pour nourrir ses lapins. statement on adulterated gin (city 5) and death of consumers in arua city and neighbouring districts Seeds planted deeper than 12.5 centimeters (5in) are not likely to germinate. pepo. Cucurbita maxima, one of at least four species of cultivated squash, is one of the most diverse domesticated species. W Ameryce Pnocnej dynie rosn na poudnie od rodkowej czci Selon la revue de l'Agence Fruits et Lgumes Frais[6], Walt Disney a aliment la confusion: dans Cendrillon, un de ses dessins anims les plus clbres, la fe transforme un potiron en un magnifique carrosse, alors qu'elle-mme, comme dans le texte original du conte de Charles Perrault, parle d'une citrouille. La citrouille est de forme ronde et de couleur orange. Le terme dsigne aussi ce fruit consomm comme lgume ou donn aux animaux. Adult coccinelids insects were collected by hand from September to April 2016/2017 on plant species Cucurbita maxima var. The family Cucurbitaceae has many species used as human food. The type specimen was collected from Mexico by The story has a long interpretive history and [19] These eight edible cultivated varieties of C. pepo vary widely in shape and color,[10][20][21] and one inedible cultivated variety:[22], Due to their varied genetic background, members of C. pepo vary widely in appearance, primarily in regards to their fruits. [31], Wild C. pepo subsp. [30] The gourds are also worn[by whom?] The domesticated species have larger fruits and larger yet fewer seeds. Tous les potirons se reproduisent par semis. The five domesticated species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, C.ficifolia, C.maxima, C.moschata, and C.pepo. pepo. We use cookies on Kaggle to deliver our services, analyze web traffic, and improve your experience on the site. Wild Cucurbita peduncles are always below this 10mm barrier. Dans le langage courant, le terme de citrouille (courge de l'espce Cucurbita pepo et de la sous-espce Cucurbita pepo subsp. Le terme courge dsigne aussi ce fruit consomm [121] Kew Gardens marked Halloween in 2013 with a display of pumpkins, including a towering pyramid made of many varieties of squash, in the Waterlily House during its "IncrEdibles" festival. ", "Phylogenetic Relationships among Domesticated and Wild Species of, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Flowering and Fruit Set of Pumpkin Cultivars under Field Conditions", "Involvement of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signalling in Fruit Set and Early Fruit Development in Zucchini Squash (, "Stamen-derived Bioactive Gibberellin is Essential for Male Flower Development of, "A Proposed Subspecific Classification for, "Eastern North America as an Independent Center of Plant Domestication", "De novo assembly of the zucchini genome reveals a whole-genome duplication associated with the origin of the Cucurbita genus", "Archaeobiology: Squash Seeds Yield New View of Early American Farming", "Archaeological Evidence of Teosinte Domestication From Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca", "Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America", "The domestication of Cucurbita argyrosperma as revealed by the genome of its wild relative", "The "How" of the Three Sisters: The Origins of Agriculture in Mesoamerica and the Human Niche", "The Beginning and Growth of Agriculture in Mexico", "Can You Freeze Butternut Squash? P. H. Evidence for channel mediated transport of boric acid in squash (Cucurbita pepo). [99][100] It retards the development of parasitic flukes when administered to infected host mice, although the effect is only seen if administration begins immediately after infection. Liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LCMS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types: female and male. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools.Database (Oxford). Fresh squash, either whole or in pieces, is roasted in ashes and used for food. zapallito (Carrire) Milln, 1947 (round green zucchini), at the locality near Gran La Plata, Colonia Urquiza (3496'72"S, 580496"W). Le ptisson se distingue des autres courges par son fruit de forme aplatie, circulaire, plus ou moins conique et prsentant sa priphrie des bosses plus ou moins marques, formant parfois des sortes de cornes redresses.. Il en existe plusieurs varits. The gourds of the various species may be [5] One hectare of plants can produce 2.5 tons of seed. [142][143] Pumpkin is also used in cosmetics. [130][131] For example, cucurbits are often represented in Moche ceramics. Dans le langage courant, ces diffrents termes sont souvent confondus. [6][32][33], When there is more pollen applied to the stigma, more seeds are produced in the fruits and the fruits are larger with greater likelihood of maturation,[34] an effect called xenia. summer squash, long round slender fruit that is slightly bulbous at the apex. pepo. It comes from Old French, and was originally applied to all plants; the word is still used in this sense in biological contexts. Comme avec la citre qui lui ressemble, on peut utiliser cette courge pour faire de la confiture, connue sous le nom de confiture de cheveux d'ange souvent aromatise au citron, l'orange et la cannelle. Les feuilles, alternes, simples, arrondies, sont pileuses mais douces au toucher. Cette espce est originaire du Mexique o elle est connue sous le nom de chilacayote. 070993-- Pumpkins, squash and gourds (Cucurbita spp.) P. H. Evidence for channel mediated transport of boric acid in squash (Cucurbita pepo). [9][31][61][62] C.pepo may have appeared in the Old World before moving from Mexico into South America. The top 10 countries in terms of metric tons of squashes produced are:[88], The only additional countries that rank in the top 20 where squashes are native are Cuba, which ranks 14th with 347,082 metric tons, and Argentina, which ranks 17th, with 326,900 metric tons. Cucurbita pepo. La plante est monoque et les fleurs unisexues blanches s'ouvrent au crpuscule.. Coupled chromatography - MS systems are popular in chemical analysis because the individual capabilities of each technique are Peer-review process All submitted articles are evaluated at the submission to meet the structural and subject principles of Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: . Plant Soil 2001, 235, 95-103. By the American Revolution, the species was in cultivation by Native American tribes throughout the present-day United States. [6] Of the 27 species that Nee delineates, five are domesticated. Its leaves are 20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12in) wide. [6] The morphological variation in the species C.pepo[7] and C.maxima[8] is so vast that its various subspecies and cultivars have been misidentified as totally separate species. [5], Different squash types of this species were introduced into North America as early as the 16th century. odmiana dyni zwyczajnej.Odmian wyselekcjonowano we Woszech i std pierwotna nazwa cukinia od woskiego zucchina [dz u k k i n a] (tj. Histoire. Leaves have 35 lobes and are 2035 centimeters (814in) wide. Ce sont tous deux des cucurbitaces, autrement dit, des courges. Most species do not readily root from the nodes; a notable exception is C.ficifolia, and the four other cultivated mesophytes do this to a lesser extent. Histoire. [3] Cucurbitacin is also used as a lure in insect traps. [5] The carbohydrates that are formed in the tap root have led to the idea of growing the plant for biofuel.[6][7]. Chemical irritant contact dermatitis is either acute or chronic, which is usually associated with strong and weak irritants respectively. [20] Some cross pollinations can occur: C.pepo with C.argyrosperma and C.moschata; and C.maxima with C.moschata. [6] Many of these peoples, particularly in the west, still grow a diversity of hardy squashes and pumpkins not to be found in commercial markets. It crosses well with both C. pepo and C. texana. C. moschata cultivars are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than cultivars of C. maxima or C. pepo.They also generally display a greater resistance to disease and insects, especially to the squash vine borer. [126] In France, marrows (courges) are traditionally served as a gratin, sieved and cooked with butter, milk, and egg, and flavored with salt, pepper, and nutmeg,[127] and as soups. Son pdoncule est dur et fibreux, avec cinq ctes anguleuses, sans renflements son point d'attache. Cucurbita maxima. The stems in some species are angular. [35][36] Seedlessness is known to occur in certain cultivars of C. It is extremely popular, especially as a soup, in Brazil, Colombia, and Africa. Kabaczek, cukinia (Cucurbita pepo convar.giromontiina Greb.) [78][79] Solid evidence of domesticated C.pepo was found in the Guil Naquitz cave in the form of increasing rind thickness and larger peduncles in the newer stratification layers of the cave. Geographic location and genetics make it highly likely that Cucurbita scabridifolia originated as a naturally occurring hybrid of C. foetidissima and Cucurbita pedatifolia. Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as cucurbits or cucurbi), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.Five edible species are grown and consumed for their flesh and seeds. Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus Cucurbita.It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies Cucurbita pepo subsp. John Ray was born in the village of Black Notley in Essex. Les semis sur couche tide en avril avec repiquage sous chssis froid et plantation en fin mai sont les plus employs pour la production de fruits prcoces. Winter squash, both a shrubby and creeping plant, obovoid or conical shape, pointed at the apex and with longitudinal grooves, thus resembling a spinning top. [11] Traditionally, two opposing theories are given about its origin: 1) C. pepo is a direct descendant of C. texana and 2) C. texana is feral C. [76], The earliest known evidence of the domestication of Cucurbita dates back at least 8,000 years ago, predating the domestication of other crops such as maize and beans in the region by about 4,000 years. Reference: How to cite this resource - Schoch CL, et al. 4546), https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T20742885A20755901.en, "Phylogenetic Relationships among Domesticated and Wild Species of, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "A Proposed Subspecific Classification for, "Heirloom Summer Squash at the Kerr Center", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cucurbita_pepo&oldid=1098864783, Plants used in traditional Native American medicine, Crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America, Articles with dead external links from July 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2017, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. pepo. Other uses: In many Native American cultures, the fruit and other parts of the plant, along with, This page was last edited on 28 September 2022, at 19:10. Random amplified polymorphic DNA has proven useful in sorting out the relationships of the C. pepo species, varieties, and cultivars, showing that few, if any, modern cultivars have their origins with C. texana.
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