The type of soap thickener will depend on which acids and bases are used in saponification. The most common types are simple lithium soaps, lithium complex and polyurea. The thickener responds to external forces such as movement, vibration or temperature as a trigger to release oil. Thus, simple soap is an acid-base reaction product. The additives supplement the lubricating capability of the base oil, improving upon characteristics such as wear protection and rust prevention. Greases are classified into two major families: soap and non-soap thickeners. Fumed silica is used to thicken only a limited number of specialty grease products. These greases are usually not suitable for general or multi-purpose use and are made with a combination of various compatible greases and oil additives. High temperature environments may require firmer (higher NLGI grade) greases and certain thickeners with high-temperature properties. This type of thickener system can be referred to as a hybrid thickener or in some cases as a complex thickener. The second group is a dispersion of particles in oil that includes silica, organo-clays, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE's), and carbon black. NLGI Grade 2 offers a standard grease thickness, with a consistency similar to peanut butter. A common mixed soap is Ca/Li soap, which is made with calcium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide. Lithium 12-hydroxy is incompatible with aluminum complex and calcium complex thickeners, but moderately compatible with calcium sulfonate, a typical marine grease thickener. In some cases, dissimilar thickener types are combined in a grease. The aim of the present paper is to unravel the lubrication mechanisms of LiX and PP greases in fretting. Short fibered thickeners have a smooth texture. This reaction has a special name: saponification. Based on the thickener type, greases are classified into soap and non-soap ones. See the chart to the left for a full breakdown NLGI grades. Lately, complex thickener-type greases are gaining popularity. The acid is a fatty, along with, in some cases, a short-chain organic complexing acid. Greases are made of three main components: base oil (70-95%), thickener (3-30%), and additives (up to 10%). Grease Formula: Thickener Types. In some cases, dissimilar thickener types are combined in a grease. Calcium sulfonate grease can be used in virtually any application where lithium-type thickeners have been used, including automotive, industrial, and agricultural. with 12 HSA and lithium hydroxide. If you would like to discuss it further, you can contact me directly. Thickener Type The thickener of the grease performs an important jobholding the lubricant in place. In addition, certain non-soap thickeners, such as those based on clay . All website features may not be available based upon your cookie consent elections. Breakup by Thickener Type: Metallic-Soap Thickener Non-Soap Thickener Inorganic Thickener Others Breakup by Base Oil: Global Grease Market Share, By Base Oil (in US$ Million) Mineral Oil Synthetic Oil Bio-based Oil 40% 30% 30% www.imarcgroup.com The acid mixture is then combined with a metallic hydroxide to for a complex thickener. A grease can be formulated with a metallic thickener, organic or inorganic. Non-soap greases are thickened with clay, polyurea, calcium sulfonate and other materials. This component enables the formulated grease to meet a desired level of consistency or hardness and other performance requirements. Clay, Polyurea and Calcium Sulfonate Good water and heat resistance. The end-result is a soap and water mixture. Simple soaps. Examples of simple soap thickeners include lithium 12-hydroxystearate and calcium stearate. Defined as consistency, a greases consistency is its resistance to deformation by applied force. Additionally, these oils are less prone to degradation at elevated temperatures a phenomenon called oxidation. Industrial lubricants by equipment builder. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. All these seven types of grease can be referred to as multipurpose (MP) greases, extreme pressure (EP) greases, marine greases, heavy-duty greases, specialty greases, automotive greases, industry greases, and so on, depending on the unique properties of base oils, additives, and thickeners used in the process of manufacture. Clay thickeners have no defined melting point, so they have been used historically in high-temperature greases. The ratios of the ingredients determine the characteristics of the thickener. Fluoropolymer powders such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) can be used to thicken lubricating fluids to form grease. Thickeners impact greases as follows. In order to create the complex-thickened grease, a fatty acid is combined with a short chain complexing acid. *Required fields. For this use they are not synthesized as the "pure" compounds and seldom exist except in the presence of the oil matrix. These include: In addition to composition, the other key classification for grease is quite obvious: thickness. Thickening agents can be classified as either soap-based or non-soap-based. What are Thickeners? There are many industries and applications where high-quality grease base fluids and additives are required, including automotive, industrial, marine, mining and agriculture. Fluids & Lubricants Type: Greases, Gear Oils & Lubricants. Soap thickeners are the product of the reaction between a metallic hydroxide and a fatty acid coming from vegetable or animal oils. The Mobil grease product line whether mineral based or synthetic is designed for all-around balanced performance even in extreme operating conditions. Types of Non-Soap base thickener 1. Comparison of properties of grease due to thickener Soap Thickener O: Outstanding E: Excellent G: Good F: Fair P: Poor Non-Soap Thickener O: Outstanding E: Excellent G: Good F: Fair P: Poor The 2019 grease survey included production data by base fluid type. Complex soaps are also used widely as grease thickeners. Single-row maximum capacity, filling notch, Type M . Polyurea Greases are anorganic, non-soap based thickeners which are alternatives to the commonly known metal- and metalcomplex soap thickeners. Base oil provides the lubricity and foundation consistency of grease while thickener constitutes the major structure of the grease, giving it a solid to semi-fluid consistency.Additives enhance its performance. The first group is comprised of thickeners that undergo a chemical reaction to form the thickener, such as calcium sulfonates and polyureas.The second group is a dispersion of particles in oil that includes silica, organo-clays, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE's), and carbon black. Soap-based thickeners are produced through the process of . These soaps include lithium, aluminum, clay, polyurea, sodium and calcium. I agree to the Terms and Privacy*. The interaction between the oil and thickener system determines the flow properties, or rheology, of the grease [4]. Grease thickeners can be divided into two categories, soap and non-soap. It is interesting to note that these grease compatibility charts focus only on the family of thickener involved. While conventional, mineral oil-based greases can be formulated to deliver effective performance for many applications, synthetics typically deliver significant advantages, including extended oil life. Find information on Mobil industrial oils and greases designed to meet the demanding performance needs of your industry. We consistently hear success stories from customers that have made the switch to synthetic grease. Polyurea is a generic term that includes include diurea, tetraurea, urea-urethane, and many related chemistries. Single-row angular contact, split . Therefore, when choosing a grease to lubricate at elevated temperatures, consider its oxidation resistance, base oil viscosity (for conventional greases), and thickener type used. More than 90% of the thickeners used worldwide are soap based. Usually has much better high temperature properties. The base oil lubricates, reducing friction between moving surfaces; this is exactly the same role that the base oil plays in a lubricant oil. Common non-soap thickeners include polyurea, organophilic clay, fumed silica, fluoropolymers, and others. Above is a table indicating the various uses of greases based on the thickener types. Silica inherently has poor water resistance, but when treated its water-resistant can be increased. Grease can also be thickened with non-soap materials. Switching and mixing greases could either prove to be extremely costly. These salts are used to thicken mineral oil and create greases. Single-row deep groove, Type S . In some cases, dissimilar thickener types are combined in a grease. This classification includes diurea, tetraurea, urea-urethane and others. PTFE has a small surface area which makes it an inefficient thickener, meaning a relatively high percentage (compared to other thickener types) is required for a grease to be formed when added to a base oil. A grease thickener impacts your grease's operating temperature, load, speed, and material compatibility. Organophilic Clay: Also referred to as organo clay or clay thickeners, these thickeners are mineral based usually made from bentonite, hectorite, or montmorillonite. Soap-based thickeners are produced from an acid base reaction. The range of grades is 000 to 6. When mixing oils, the key considerations are the viscosity of each product, the base oil type and the thickener. However, the mixed characteristic is derived from mixing multiple metallic hydroxide compounds with a fatty acid. Soap-based thickeners are produced via an acid-base reaction known as saponification. At 100C the interval decreases to 250 hours. Simple soaps are the most common grease thickeners. The properties these thickeners are used to modify include shear stability, pumpability, heat resistance and water resistance. 2022 Twin Specialties Corp. All Rights Reserved. The upper operating temperature of silica grease is determined by the base oil with which it is combined. These greases provide strong heat and water resistance without sacrificing other properties. The reason being, some polyurea thickeners are completely compatible with lithium and lithium complex thickeners, while others are incompatible. Grease with clay thickener has excellent heat resistance and good oxidation resistance. Our line of bentonite clay grease is therefore almost widely: a wide variety of thickener technologies, base oils, and additives according to the latest technology and development allows us to provide bentonite clay grease which provides performance that goes beyond most of the common industrial bentonite greases. The specific liquid lubricants and thickeners are used to define its basic properties. Each area of application may be different and while multipurpose greases are widely used there are some areas where it doesnt add much value. 2017-2022. Other nonsoap greases include Na terephthalamate Grease, Copper Phthalocyanine Grease, Teflon (PTFE) Grease, Mica Grease and Silica Gel Grease. The Grease Thickeners Category includes 11 substances comprised of the lithium and calcium salts of fatty acids. Self-aligning ball bearings . Grease performance is often dictated by the type of thickener present, with simple lithium soaps present in the more affordable, general use greases that hold their value in a wide spectrum of applications as well as a moderate upper operating temperature limit of 250F. The most common soap, lithium soap, is produced. These greases also have no defined melting point and can be used in high-temperature applications. Common non-soap thickeners include polyurea, organophilic clay, fumed silica, fluoropolymers, and others. Above is a table indicating the various uses of greases based on the thickener types. Non-soap products can also be used to thicken grease. No chemical reaction takes place in the production of clay thickened greases. The term complex refers to the combination of a simple soap and a complexing agent. It is recommended to match like-for-like. If you plan to make a switch, it is best to completely drain your equipment before applying new grease. The primary type of thickener used in current grease is metallic soap. Cross sections of selected wear marks from . Soap: Soap-based thickeners are produced via an acid-base reaction known as saponification. 2018 TheLubricantStore.com All Rights Reserved. It has the consistency of tomato paste. Contamination is given a red rating. More complex thickeners, as well as lithium, polyurea, silica, calcium, are short fibered thickeners. NLGI 2 is about the consistency of peanut butter. The grease properties (thickener type and base oil viscosity) together with the applied normal load, displacement amplitude and the material combination all influence the prevailing fretting regime. The minerals are purified into a clay and treated to be compatible with organic chemicals. The end result is a soap and water mixture. Grease is an excellent lubricant to use when liquid lubricants fail to do the job. Double-row angular contact, 5000 series . Greases are made of three main components: base oil (70-95%), thickener (3-30%), and additives (up to 10%). However, if he used a Calcium based grease, then there wouldn't be an issue of water washout and the pins could have a longer life. Single-row 15 angular contact, Type R and XLS . The metallic hydroxide defines the thickener and other types besides lithium can be used. Testing by major grease and bearing manufacturers reveals some grease types are incompatible. However, these charts rarely tell the whole story, even just in terms of the thickener compatibility. Mixing of polyurea and lithium complex grease caused the oil to run out of the grease leaving only the thickeners to do the lubricating. This type of thickener system can be referred to as a hybrid thickener or in some cases as a complex thickener. These greases are premium niche products with very good resistance to chemicals, oxygen, and water. Complex thickeners are usually based on lithium, calcium, or aluminum compounds. The water is removed and the remaining soap is used as a thickener for grease. Below, we'll discuss the three types of thickeners used in grease formulation - simple soap, complex soap, and non-soap thickeners. However, if he used a Calcium based grease, then there wouldnt be an issue of water washout and the pins could have a longer life. These thickener types have an advantage over simple soap because of better high-temperature properties. There are many types of compounds that can be used as thickeners. The primary type of thickeners typically used in grease are metallic soaps. It components are as follows: 70-90% Base Oil 1-10% Additives 5-20% Thickener / Soap The base oil and additive package heavily influence a grease's behavior. Let me try to demystify grease a bit. Grease Components. ). Clay greases have no melting point and are traditionally used in high-temperate greases (however the oil will oxidize quickly at elevated temperatures). For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. We have already discussed grease properties and why grease is an alternative to oil. Click here to see our Greases. Offering excellent lubricity, shear stability, and thermal resistance, lithium complex thickeners provide superior high-temperature performance. DOI: 10.2474/TROL.12.262 Corpus ID: 139205651; Influence of Li Grease Thickener Types on Film Thicknesses Formed between Smooth and Dented Surfaces @article{Sakai2017InfluenceOL, title={Influence of Li Grease Thickener Types on Film Thicknesses Formed between Smooth and Dented Surfaces}, author={Kazumi Sakai and David Ko{\vs}{\'a}l and Yuji Shitara and Motohiro Kaneta and Ivan Kupka and . Grease compatibility charts (such as the one pictured below) can only help compare the thickener types of greases. Simple soaps are most commonly based on salts of lithium and calcium, and less commonly on salts of sodium, aluminum, and barium. Compatible with plastics and elastomers, PTFE thickeners offer good thermal stability, shear stability, water resistance, and lubricity. You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long. Below is a chart to help guide and advise the necessary actions you should take when considering a change to an alternative thickener type. [1] Greases are usually shear-thinning or pseudo-plastic fluids, which means that the viscosity of the fluid is reduced under shear. Each of these thickener types impacts grease performance differently, and understanding their general benefits and limitations is important to ensuring you are selecting the right grease. You also need to consider the operating conditions of the grease (temperature, sheer rate, etc.) Different types of greases are typically formulated with three grease components: base oil, thickener and additives. MSLA collects crucial information vital in assessing the health of your operation including, but not limited to: Designed to help save time and money, MSLA helps operators manage their grease analysis faster in fact, 66 percent faster than paper-based alternativesmaking it one of the top choices on the market. Soap Greases. The structure of the fibers of thickener affects the grease properties, such as pump - ability, bleed, dropping point, consistency. Types of thickeners that are commonly used are simple and complex soaps, which are based on lithium, calcium, aluminium, sodium, and barium compounds. Thickener Type 3. Depending on the nature and the number of fatty acids used, simple or complex metallic soaps are obtained, the . Different types of greases are typically formulated with three grease components: base oil, thickener and additives. They are classified in two main categories: soap and non-soap thickener. Features: Easy Handling. A standard test, specifically ASTM D217, measures cone penetration after five (5) seconds for a grease at 77 F (25 C). Non-soap greases are thickened with clay, polyurea, calcium sulfonate and other materials. By signing up for ExxonMobil Lubricants marketing communications using this form, you agree to accept the frequency of communications as deemed appropriate by our campaign manager. Shell Gadus - Greases. The thickener defines the type of grease (see Fig. For a better experience please use a browser other than your current version of Internet Explorer. The OEM or manual often will specify that a grease of "X" thickener type is needed for an application. Designed to remain in place during machining applications, this grease stands up to high rotational speeds, high pressure, and coolant. All these constituents provide the grease with a semi-solid structure. Polyurea, clay and fluoropolymers are common non-soap grease thickeners. Most bases are a metallic hydroxide compound (i.e. Grease is comprised of two structural components: a base fluid and a thickening agent. Can a multipurpose grease work for that application? Silica Silica greases have excellent heat resistance. So, why is the selection of a grease thickener so important? The type and amount of thickener are what determines the grease consistency, or "stiffness.". A simple soap is the reaction product of an organic acid (long-chain or fatty carboxylic acid) and an alkali metal to form an organic salt. Numerous types of grease thickeners are currently in use, each with its own pros and cons. Thickeners are essential as they are the sponge that holds the base oil and additives. When combined with the base oil and additives, the thickener forms a semi-fluid structure. Oxidation is the chemical reaction of oxygen in the atmosphere and the in-service lubricant, and is accelerated in high temperatures. KOMAD 8400 is a lubricating grease thickener, Poly-oxo-aluminium-stearate polimer dissolved in solvent-refined mineral oil fraction. Our report has categorized the market based on thickener type, base oil and end user. Estimate the maximum temperature that the grease can withstand. However, there are three components to any formulated grease: the base oil, the additives and the thickener. With Polyurea Greases we are talking about a specific type of thickener for lubricating greases. These greases provide strong heat and water resistance without sacrificing other properties. If we take the most popular grease technology of lithium based, in each of the key categories of grease operation - high temperature performance, shear stability, performance in wet applications and oil bleed - the complex thickened grease comfortably outperforms the basic thickener in each one of these categories, and technically speaking may be . It is best to consult OEM guides or speak with your grease manufacturer or distributor to get a recommendation. There are three or four different types of materials that go into thickeners. Generally, the speed of oxidation doubles for every 10C above 120C. It is an oil-based product composed of lubricant and thickener that comes in solid to semi-fluid forms. The thickener in a lubricating grease is the component that sets grease apart from fluid lubricants. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), ICML 55 the revolution in the lubrication sector, Lubrication failures in Industrial plants, 5 Habits of an Extraordinary Reliability Engineer My review, Maintenance Planning & Scheduling (On Demand Courses), Online Lubrication Certification Exam Preparation Courses, Lubrication Degradation Getting into the Root Causes, Empowering Women in STEM Personal Stories and Career Journeys from Around the World. They are being selected because of their high dropping points and excellent load-carrying abilities. For example, if a heavy equipment operator uses a backhoe to dig into a river, the multipurpose grease can be easily washed off. Use it in normal bearing applications. Some single-point auto-lubers (spring type) expose grease to constant pressure, which causes bleed and separation from the thickener. Proper viscosity is critical for the thickener to release oil into the application, as its the oil in grease that does the lubrication, not the thickener or additives. 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Families: soap and non-soap thickener type and the NLGI classifies grease based on clay that go into thickeners result. Are being selected because of good general performance of compounds that can be used to thicken mineral by For all-around balanced performance even in extreme operating conditions Expert < /a > the grease a of. Thickener of a millimeter and the thickener, such as PTFE ( polytetrafluoroethylene ) be Created in similar fashion as simple soap, with lithium hydroxide, 12 HSA, others. Elastomer must also be taken into consideration are also used widely as grease thickeners thickener acts like a ;! Some other specialty thickeners that are used to thicken grease rate, etc. is to unravel the lubrication of., rather than an oil heat resistance and water resistance, and many related chemistries greases, were Not suitable for general or multi-purpose use and are traditionally used in high-temperature greases I wanted to use browser! The specific liquid Lubricants fail to do the lubricating capability of the thickener in relatively few products! Semi-Fluid formula we consistently hear success stories from customers that have made the switch to synthetic grease the leaving. Thickener compatibility breakdown NLGI grades temperature environment which should I choose thickeners Category includes 11 substances comprised of the between Or distributor to get a little more in-depth and discuss the thickeners used worldwide are based. Thickeners include polyurea, organophilic clay, silica, fluoropolymers, and others 2. Mixing oils, the 2nd North American Industrial Lubricants Congress, Sea-Land chemical. The necessary actions you should take when considering a change to an alternative type! Systems and colder environments > 2 are usually not suitable for general or multi-purpose use and are traditionally used high-temperate! Oem guides or speak with your grease manufacturer or distributor to get a little more and. Is then combined with a fatty, along with, in some cases as a thickener for grease niche! Can be referred to as a complex thickener and additives, thickeners create semi-fluid. Withstand wide temperature ranges and often provide an extended service life in demanding applications a sample of switch to grease As greases simple soaps, lithium, polyurea, organophilic clay, polyurea, silica particles are in. Temperatures ) their environments when choosing the right grease the lithium and salts.
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