Art critic Emmanuel Iduma finds his way out of a pandemic rut with a visit to the Yemisi Shyllon Museum of Art, Lagos. The performers may communicate The kachinas, god/spirits, frequently take the form of highly distinctive and elaborate masks that are used in ritual dances. [11] Both traditions use sack cloth in rituals to evoke his humility. Pernet emphasizes that masks are not a wholly universal cultural phenomenon, raising the question why some cultures do not have a masking tradition. [1] However, some fear Obaluaye because he is believed to bring disease upon humans, including smallpox, in which he is known as pna. [7][8][note 1] Most probably the practice of masking is much older however the earliest known anthropomorphic artwork is circa 30,00040,000 years old. He is the vocalist of the experimental hip hop group Clipping, and in 2015, he originated the dual roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical Hamilton, for which he won a 2016 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical. The jurys citation calls it a very moving, refreshing, and original immigrant story setting a great example of family and in particular male kindness all while subverting stereotypical prejudices.. With recent events, and in our formative years as young adults we have each endured our own challenges and gained our own stories from it. His worship is very diverse in Fon communities, where many distinct manifestations of the spirit are venerated. The bugaku developed from this a complex dance-drama that used masks with moveable jaws. Yemanj (Yoruba: Yemja; there are many different transliterations in other languages) is a major water spirit from the Yoruba religion. Masks and puppets were often incorporated into the theatre work of European avant-garde artists from the turn of the nineteenth century. There are more than 300 parks and gardens across the state of Lagos, and the city continues to get greener. She is the goddess of divinity, femininity, fertility, beauty and love. [citation needed], His cult powers and spells are used against all kinds of diseases, but particularly against skin diseases, inflammation and airborne diseases that can cause epidemics. [citation needed], An interesting example of a sports mask that confounds the protective function is the wrestling mask, a mask most widely used in the Mexican/Latin lucha libre style of wrestling. The mask is considered "sacred" to some degree, placing its role closer to the ritual and performance function.[53]. news 2021/07/26 silk aura ( new 2021/06/01 silk aura ( 2021 Masks are sometimes used to avoid recognition. Pataki He is the vocalist of the experimental hip hop group Clipping, and in 2015, he originated the dual roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the musical Hamilton, for which he won a 2016 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical. In many cultural traditions, the masked performer is a central concept and is highly valued. [19], Masks in various forms sacred, practical, or playful have played a crucial historical role in the development of understandings about "what it means to be human", because they permit the imaginative experience of "what it is like" to be transformed into a different identity (or to affirm an existing social or spiritual identity). Kygen are short farces with their own masks, and accompany the tragic n plays. In the 16th century, the Visard was worn by women to protect from sunburn. Masks are used almost universally and maintain their power and mystery both for their wearers and their audience. She is one of the most popular and venerated Orishas. This section is inserted in the article because academics and translators dealing with this topic typically give insufficient attention to the relevant technical meanings involved in archaeology, theatre and drama. Dark black hairstyle, tops the mask off. Countries that have had strong Indian cultural influences Cambodia, Burma, Indonesia, Thailand, and Lao have developed the Indian forms, combined with local myths, and developed their own characteristic styles. Babal-Ay is often considered the son of Yemoja and the brother of Shango. In these myths, Nana Buruk is Babal-Ay's true mother who abandons him to die of exposure on the beach where he is badly scarred by crabs. [9][10], In the Greek bacchanalia and the Dionysus cult, which involved the use of masks, the ordinary controls on behaviour were temporarily suspended, and people cavorted in merry revelry outside their ordinary rank or status. Tips & Travel trends to help you pick the perfect time to visit this destination. The performers may communicate It is now free to view on the site. Insofar as masks involved the use of war-paint, leather, vegetative material, or wooden material, such masks failed to be preserved, however, they are visible in paleolithic cave drawings, of which dozens have been preserved. The festival attracts thousands of Osun worshippers from all over Yorubaland and the Yoruba diaspora in the Americas, spectators and tourists from all walks of life. In the US and Canada, these companies include In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theater of Minneapolis; Arm-of-the Sea Theatre from New York State; Snake Theater from California; and Shadowland Theatre of Toronto, Ontario. The mask is regarded as an instrument of revelation, giving form to the sacred. Woodland tribes, especially in the North-East and around the Great Lakes, cross-fertilized culturally with one another. Published Sep 30, 2022. It is believed to have been commissioned by a king of Benin in memory of his mother. directed by Eliza Jimnez Cossio, Lexi Tannenholtz (US) Special Mention, Jury: An engaging commentary on family connection, with great rapport between the actors and a clever ending., VIDEO VISIT directed by Malika Zouhali-Worrall (US) Winner, Jury: For its excellence in storytelling that is at once evocative, intimate, and systemic, and its contribution to exposing the rot in the American prison system by presenting one institutions noble efforts to work towards positive change., NUISANCE BEAR directed by Jack Weisman, Gabriela Osio Vanden (Canada) Special Mention, Jury: For its innovative technique in both cinematography and sound, compelling storytelling about the challenges we face in balancing conservation and civil protection, and for its impressive access to the point of view of animals., THE VICTORIAS directed by Ethan Fuirst (US) Special Mention, Jury: For its fascinating approach underscoring our power for collective imagination, its unique portrayal of aspiring actresses dedicated to their craft, and for its contribution to ensuring our history remembers not just the rich and powerful, but even ordinary individuals., OUSMANE directed by Jorge Camarotti (Canada) Winner, Jury: A very moving, refreshing, and original immigrant story setting a great example of family and in particular male kindness all while subverting stereotypical prejudices., SOME STILL SEARCH directed by Nesaru Tchaas (US) Special Mention, Jury: Very important story told with great compassion, authenticity, and restraint exposing the horrific consequences of the tearing apart of families by ICE., DEAR MAMA directed by Winter Dunn (US) Special Mention, Jury: A heartfelt story with great performances asking the question of how we each handle grief and showing the importance of communication and connection during times of loss., STRANGER THAN ROTTERDAM WITH SARA DRIVER directed by Lewie Kloster, Noah Kloster (US) Winner, Jury: This is a great storyteller telling a great story, where limited and eccentric animation helps lift an absurd and eccentric story., DEERWOODS DEATHTRAP directed by JAMES P GANNON (US) Special Mention, Jury: A very funny telling of a family tragedy, full of twists and turns, that turned out to not be entirely tragic., AUNTIE directed by Fawzia Mirza (US) Special Mention, Jury: With a script that is modern and young, and that accurately reflects generational dissonance, we can all embrace our inner auntie., EGNGN (MASQUERADE) directed by Olive Nwosu (Nigeria/UK) Winner, Jury: For its delicate handling of complex emotions related to returning to ones homeland after having created a new life for oneself elsewhere, for its deft use of camera movement, sound design, and editing demonstrating a strong capacity for collaboration, and for the kinetic tension between its two beautifully cast female lead characters., CHARLOTTE directed by Zach Dorn (US) Special Mention, Jury: For its impressive artistry, ingenious faux-documentary approach, and moving story about dedication to ones artistic ambitions against all odds,, SOFT ANIMALS directed by Renee Zhan (UK/US) Special Mention, Jury: For its hilarious juxtaposition between hallucinatory hand-drawn animation and self-conscious verit voiceover dialogue, resulting in an evocative statement about the things we dont say to each other., Jury: Looking to the past to offer insight into the present, this poetically animated documentary interweaves hand-drawn animation with archival historical footage. These faces or Kirtimukhas, 'Visages of Glory', are intended to ward off evil and are associated with the animal world as well as the divine. Babal-Aye (from yoruba Obalay), Oluaye, pna, or even Obaluaiye, is one of the orishas or manifestations of the supreme creator god Olodumare in the Yoruba religion of West Africa. Ideal candidate has 3+ years, Competitive referral and retention bonuses, staff benefits, Flexible schedules, & Promotions from within. Of this land area, 106,016 km 2 (74.6%) lies within Nigeria, 18.9% in Benin, and the remaining 6.5% is in Togo. The debate about the meaning of these and other mask forms continues in Europe, where monsters, bears, wild men, harlequins, hobby horses, and other fanciful characters appear in carnivals throughout the continent. [5][6], Venerated by the Ewe, there is a similar figure with the praise name Anyigbato who is closely associated with sickness [7] and displaced peoples. In medieval Europe and in Japan soldiers and samurai wore similarly ferocious-looking protective armour, extending to face-masks. He promotes the cure for illnesses. [1], Heat is also a property of Babalu-aye, like fever, the body heating up to expel a disease, it is Babalu-aye acting on the human body, as well as the heat that comes from the depths of the earth. Masks have been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and practical purposes, as well as in the performing arts and for entertainment. Yemanj (Yoruba: Yemja; there are many different transliterations in other languages) is a major water spirit from the Yoruba religion. un, is an orisha, a spirit, a deity, or a goddess that reflects one of the manifestations of the Yorb Supreme Being in the If oral tradition and Yoruba-based religions of West Africa. The Osun-Osogbo Festival is a two-week-long programme. There has been a proliferation of such masks recently but there is a long history of protective armour and even medical masks to ward off plague. He is always close to Iku (the force responsible for taking life), as he promotes healing for those who are close to death. Kings day sept 30th-Oct 2. There is a conservation centre and a library. A rich variety of crafts from all around Nigeria and West Africa: this is a brilliant place to wander and look for affordable gifts. He promotes the cure for illnesses. There are a wide variety of masks used in Africa. Enterprises) is an American hip hop group composed of rappers Bizzy Bone, Wish Bone, Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, and Flesh-n-Bone.The group was signed to fellow American rapper Eazy-Es Ruthless Records in late 1993, when they debuted with their EP Creepin on ah Come Up.The EP included their breakout hit single Laws against concealing one's identity with a mask are suspended for the day. The whiteness of the face represents the whiteness and beauty of the spirit world. The present uses are as miniature masks for tourist souvenirs, or on mobile phones, where they hang as good-luck talismans. Babal-Aye is the spirit of the Earth and strongly associated with infectious disease, and healing. Wrestling matches, where it is common for the participants to wear masks, are very popular, and many of the wrestlers can be considered folk heroes. Based on The New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation and best-selling book of the same name, She Said details the journey of reporters and editors as they pursued the truth and highlights the courage of survivors and witnesses who came forward to stop predators. In the 20th century, many theatre practitioners, such as Meyerhold, Edward Gordon Craig, Jacques Copeau, and others in their lineage, attempted to move away from Naturalism. They are usually worn on the face, although they may also be positioned for [note 3] At the neanderthal Roche-Cotard site in France, a flintstone likeness of a face was found that is approximately 35,000 years old, but it is not clear whether it was intended as a mask. Ians, as in Yoruba religion, commands winds, storms, and lightning. Copyright 2022 Sundance Institute. Theatre the generic term for the performing arts and a collaborative form of fine art involving live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event (such as a story) through acting, singing, and/or dancing before a live audience in a specific place. Sivin, Carole (1986). The Egungun festival . Here are some of the best parks in Lagos. It is believed that the use of masks is related to the cult of the ancestors, which considered dancers the interpreters of the gods. [21][22][note 4]. Named for Nigeria's first prime minister, this is Lagos' commercial heart and has some remarkable monuments. In contemporary western theatre, the mask is often used alongside puppetry to create a theatre that is essentially visual, rather than verbal, and many of its practitioners have been visual artists. In the Andes, masks were used to dress the faces of the dead. You'll need to hire a drop taxi to get there. What: Aspen Shortsfest Award Winners Screening. Theatre in the Middle East, as elsewhere, was initially of a ritual nature, dramatising human relationships with nature, the deities, and other human beings. [4], Venerated by the Fon, the spirit is most commonly called Sakpata. And hang around on the rooftop terrace and you might catch a band rehearsal or performance. The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. There are also shrines such as Ijamido and Ogbodo Shrines. If you're headed to Nigeria, you'll have no choice but to jump right in. The 2022 Aspen Shortsfests Oscar-qualifying awards went to an international slate of films and filmmakers, honoring movies from Australia, Canada and France as well as the U.S. while the Student Short prize went to a Nigeria-U.K. co-production. Although they often show skilled craftsmanship, they nearly always lack the spiritual character of the traditional tribal masks. And the Audience Award, voted on by Shortsfest viewers via paper ballot at screenings, went to The Diamond, Sweden filmmaker Vedran Rupic short about a mans adventure after finding a diamond in the woods. She is a warrior and is unbeatable. Oduduwa created a dynasty there, and sons and daughters of this dynasty became rulers of many other kingdoms in Yorubaland. Korean masks have a long tradition associated with shamanism and later in ritual dance. It is conjectured that the first masks may have been used by primitive people to associate the wearer with some kind of unimpeachable authority, such as a deity, or to otherwise lend credence to the person's claim on a given social role. Run by the Nigerian Conservation Foundation, this centre has a huge tract of wetlands set aside for wildlife viewing. [24] Although these civic masquerades and their masks may have retained elements drawn from popular culture, the survival of carnival in the 19th century was often a consequence of a self-conscious 'folklore' movement that accompanied the rise of nationalism in many European countries. The Wellcome Collection, London. Although the religious use of masks has waned, masks are used sometimes in drama therapy or psychotherapy.[6]. Because the dead are buried in the Earth, the manifestation called Avimadye is considered the chief of the ancestors. Not surprisingly their mask traditions are also often different, although their masks are often made out of driftwood, animal skins, bones, and feathers. Some African tribes believe that the animal masks can help them communicate with the spirits who live in forests or open savannas. un, is an orisha, a spirit, a deity, or a goddess that reflects one of the manifestations of the Yorb Supreme Being in the If oral tradition and Yoruba-based religions of West Africa. Most of the ceremonies of the Dogon culture are secret, although the antelope dance is shown to non-Dogons. It's a traditional Afro-Brazilian dish that is also a traditional offering to Ians in the Candombl tradition. 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